In General: Ahmad Shah Massoud

a portrait of the afghan military genius Ahmad Shah Massoud who tried to warn us about 9/11

Name:

Ahmad Shah Massoud

Nickname:

Shir-e-Panjshir (“The Lion of Panjshir” or “The Lion of Five Lions”)

Affiliation:

Afghan Mujaheddin
United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan (Northern Alliance)

Conflict:

Afghan-Soviet War
Afghan Civil War

Nemesis:

Osama Bin Laden
Mullah Omar
Ayman al-Zawahiri
Mikhail Gorbachev

Notable Victories:

Battle of Panjshir (9 separate attempts to defeat Massoud between 1980 and 1985)

Notable Defeats:

Battle of Kabul (1996)
Assassinated September 9, 2001

Famous Quote:

“If President Bush doesn’t help us, these terrorists will damage the US and Europe very soon.”  ~Massoud to European Parliament on April 7, 2001. In a request for aid in fighting the Taliban, Massoud tried to warn the west that 9/11 was about to happen.

Famous tactics:

Massoud broke up his men into smaller combat units with specific roles. The unskilled militia, called mahali, were used for defense of villages and fortified positions. The mahali were reinforced by elite shock troops called grup-i zarbati. These men were used as mobile reserves in response to a Russian attack.

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However, Massoud’s weapon of choice were the grup-i-mutaharek. These were fast moving, hard hitting units of 33 men each. They would carry out hit and run attacks again Soviet columns and supply routes. During the defense of The Panjshir Valley, the grup-i-mutaharek were successful in wearing down the attacking Red Army units to the point that they were badly damaged before ever reaching their objective. At that point, they were easy prey for the mahali defenders.

Osama Bin Laden has hoped to emulate Massoud’s tactics against the Americans after 9/11. However, rather than commit large ground units to the war, the Americans instead relied on special operations teams mixed with Massoud’s former army, The Northern Alliance. The special forces would mark targets, and relay information to aircraft using laser and GPS guided bombs. In this way, the US denied Bin Laden the war he wanted. Bin Laden thought he could use Afghanistan to bring down the United States the same way that Massoud brought down the USSR. Luckily, Bin Laden proved that he was nowhere near the military commander that Ahmad Shah Massoud was.

Massoud demonstrated his military prowess most notably throughout his defense of the Panjshir. There he resisted multiple attempts by Russian forces that were superior in numbers, armor, and air superiority. He used Guerrilla tactics to harass Russian supply lines to the point that medals were awarded to the truck drivers that managed to traverse the areas Massoud’s men were known to patrol. When the Russians tried to meet the threat with overwhelming force, Massoud used a system of entrenched positions manned by light infantry to repel tanks and withstand bombardment by artillery and the Soviet Air Force. In one case, the Mujaheddin with a force of approximately 1,000 light infantry defeated a Red Army force of 12,000 infantry, 104 helicopters, and 26 airplanes.

Synopsis:

Ahmad Shah Massoud was an Engineering student at Kabul University when the Soviet Union Invaded Afghanistan. The son of a prominent Afghan official, Massoud would quickly rise to a position of authority among the Mujahaddin (Holy Warriors) who resisted the Soviet occupation.

Everytime I think of Ahmad Shah Massoud, I feel a profound sense of “what if.” To me, Massoud represents everything good that never was between American and Muslim society. He wanted to build, not destroy. But he was forced into conflict to defend his home. I cannot help but wonder if I would have had the same strength of character if I were raised in his part of the world instead of the sheltered life I have enjoyed in the US.

After the war, Massoud wanted nothing more than to rebuild his country and carry on with his life. However, the radicals among his former allies had different ideas. They wanted to use Osama Bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri’s Al Qaeda propaganda machine developed during the war as a means of shaping Afghanistan into a beacon of Radical Islam that would draw volunteers from all over the world to be trained and indoctrinated in the ways of the Taliban. Massoud resisted and they killed him for it.

Massoud tried to warn the west that something big was coming from Al Qaeda and the Taliban. Unfortunately, he was assassinated by Al Queada just two days before 9/11. Following the assassination, the international intelligence community was on high alert knowing that this was only the beginning of something much larger. This is the reason why many say the US knew that 9/11 was about to happen. In reality, the intelligence community knew something was coming, but completely underestimated what Bin Laden was capable of.

It would turn out that Massoud’s assassination was a gift from Osama Bin Laden to his Taliban ally, Mullah Omar. Massoud was the only thorn in the side of the Taliban at that point. He and his Northern Alliance army had resisted the fanatical regime for years following the Soviet withdrawal. Bin Laden knew that 9/11 would bring the wrath of the US military down on the Taliban and the assassination was meant to ferment the Alliance between the two fanatics.

Following the overthrow of the Taliban, Afghan President Hamid Karzai named Massoud a national hero and a monument is under construction that will become the final resting place of the man who held the line against the Taliban for years while the rest of the world ignored what was happening in Afghanistan.

But what if Massoud had been successful? What if Bin Laden and Mullah Omar were not able to build their fundamentalist regime? Would 911, 311, Gulf War II, The Mumbai attack, The USS Cole Bombing, or The Embassy Bombings still have happened? Would Western Pakistan and Afghanistan be peaceful places now? Would Radical Islam still be little more than the nuisance the United States considered it to be in the 80’s and early 90’s?

No one can say. But to me Ahmad Shah Massoud represents hope that my kids won’t grow up in a world dominated by Radical Islam. Of course, he was no saint. He allied himself with radicals, drug lords, and warlords alike. But if men like Massoud were to drive out the fanatics and assume leadership roles in the Middle East and parts of Africa and Asia, then maybe there is a chance that human civilization will survive the next century.

~Man Overboard

Image used in this Post

Ahmad Shah Massoud image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons published under the CC license.

Obama: He Came, He Saw, He Conquered

For that is the true genius of America – that America can change.  Our union can be perfected.  And what we have already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow. (President Barack Obama)

The Leader and the Landslide

Any doubt about Barack Obama’s executive ability should have been allayed by his landslide victory over Senator John McCain.

What Barack Obama demonstrated on Nov. 4, 2008 is that community organizing is the key to uniting a country that has spent the last two presidential elections almost perfectly divided and resorting to frustrating tie-breakers.

By systematically going from house to house, street to street, Obama was able to reassert the importance of the individual in the democratic process.  Voter turnout was at an all time high.  Early voting was also record breaking.  The success of his strategy of working from the ground up was first made obvious with his victory in Pennsylvania, and on a larger scale by his campaign’s ability to “flip” many Republican-friendly states.

His ability to reshape the electoral map speaks volumes about the kind of president he will be.  Obama brings to the table a potent mix of visionary idealism grounded in patient perseverance.

With the Democrats in control of both the House and the Senate, Obama will certainly have the opportunity to fulfill his promise of Change.  Where bipartisan deadlock has ruined the productivity of past presidents, a unified legislative/executive branch will give Obama the opportunity to make history, for better or for worse.

A Second Chance at the 21st Century

Before today, September 11th, 2001 was the defining moment for the American experience in the 21st Century.

During the days and years that followed these attacks, the Bush Administration and the Republican Party became the face of America’s reaction to global interdependence.  Diplomacy was replaced with preemptive war.  An economic surplus was replaced with a historic deficit that ended in the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930′s.  The role model of the Free World fell from it’s pedestal in the face of glaring hypocrisy and contradiction.

The inability of John McCain to differentiate himself from George W. Bush has less to do with his abilities as a candidate, and more to do with the overwhelming disgust the majority of Americans have towards the ideology of the current Republican Party.

This is not the Republican Party of Abraham Lincoln.  Nor is it the Party of Teddy Roosevelt.  Some might say it isn’t even the party of Ronald Reagen. Something changed for the worse.  The positive ideals of conservatism and small government were replaced by impulsive war-making, impulsive spending, and an unprecedented expansion of the powers of the federal government.

In America, power is a gift from the People to the Chosen, and thus it should never be abused or taken for granted by the Chosen. The Republican Party has forsaken this country, and for this they have been punished by the People they were chosen to serve.

The People Have Spoken

The Democrats, under the leadership of Barack Obama, have been chosen to lead this country in a new direction.  With so many challenges on the horizon, time is of the essence, and only time will tell whether this was a wise choice of leadership.

No matter what your opinion is about this election, it is hard to deny that we are living through historic times.  Pay attention, and enjoy it.  We are experiencing a renaissance of democracy, idealism, and hope.  There is a real sense that our patriotism is no longer rooted in fear and reaction to terrorists, but rather that it is rooted in the pride that comes from knowing that the election of Barack Obama could only have happened in this country.

We are a unique land.  The rest of the world knows this, and because of this we are scrutinized and held to a higher standard.  America, and the world, have given Barack Obama their approval to make the changes he sees fit.  Now it is up to him to fulfill his side of the bargain.

Don’t let us down Barack.

The Taliban Seek Peace Through Saudi Diplomacy

Say what you will about negotiation with terrorists, but it appears that diplomacy is finally yielding a breakthrough in the War on Terror.

The News

According to a CNN report, on September 24-27, the final days of Ramadan, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia held talks with 11 Taliban delegates, two Afghan government officials, a representative of former mujahadeen commander and U.S. foe Gulbadin Hekmatyar, and three others.

The purpose of these talks was to come to some sort of negotiation about how best to end the current conflict in Afghanistan.  Both parties agreed that continued violence would not yield peace any time soon. Rather, the Taliban admitted that they cannot match the U.S. led coalition.

During the meetings the Taliban emphasized the fact that they have severed ties with al Qaeda.

How does this change the game?

These are only the first of many scheduled talks between Saudi Arabia and the Taliban. The information that is already being revealed from these meetings seems to suggest that Iran is playing the role of instigator.

Several Afghan sources familiar with Iranian activities in Afghanistan have said Iranian officials and diplomats who are investing in business and building education facilities are lobbying politicians in Kabul. Coalition commanders regularly accuse Iran of arming the Taliban, and Western diplomats privately suggest that Iran is working against U.S. interests in Afghanistan, making it harder to bring peace. (CNN)

If what the Taliban say about al Qaeda is true, and if these talks are any indication that an Arab coalition may be forming that will help the US achieve its military goals, then it is clear that a confrontation with Iran is inevitable.

The Key to Ending the War on Terror

Al Qaeda, the embodiment of Radical Islam, is the door.  What lies beyond the door is a fruitful alliegiance between the West and the Middle East.  The door is currently locked.  The lock is a unified Arab Coalition.  The key is Iran.

By defining Iran as the key, we are faced with a dilemma.  We can either approach Iran as an enemy that needs to be forced out of the way, or we can approach Iran as a future-friend who has yet to understand how cooperation would be to their advantage.

In my opinion, diplomacy is the only choice.  If we continue acting from the belief that Iran is an “axis of evil” and destined to be a force of destruction in the Middle East, then we close ourselves off from any possibility of a unified Arab Coalition.  Likewise, we also close ourselves into an inevitable conflict with Iran.

Without cooperation from Iran,  peace in Afghanistan will take that much longer.  And the longer it takes to achieve peace, the longer it takes to bring our troops home.

Smart Spanish IV

“Cada arma que se hace, cada buque de guerra puesto en marcha, cada cohete significa, en el sentido final, un robo de los que tienen hambre y no son alimentados, de los que tienen frío y no son vestidos. El mundo en armas no es solo gastar dinero .Es el gasto el sudor de sus trabajadores, el genio de sus científicos, las esperanzas de sus niños.”

Translation

“Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, from those who are cold and are not clothed. The world in arms is not spending money alone. It is spending the sweat of its laborers, the genius of its scientists, the hopes of its children.” (Dwight D. Eisenhower)

A Brief History on East versus West

Over the history of mankind, there has been a global war between two ideologies, East versus West. It spans across 3 millennia, from the Trojan War to the Persian Wars to the Crusades to the World Wars. What’s interesting is that in today’s world, this battle is still ongoing and the reasons are similar. Additionally, the War on Terror is not a new war to me, the West, has been fighting this war for thousands of years without any permanent resolution. It is just a continuation of what has always occurred between two extremely different ideologies; I am not just talking about Islam v. Christianity or Americans v. Muslims. I am talking about a difference that is, itself, rooted in ancient times before such notions of religion were even a thought.

Circa 1200 B.C., the first of many wars between the East and West began in the form of the Greeks (Western Civilization) fighting the Trojans (Eastern Civilization). Unfortunately, the only source of this war comes from the story of the Iliad and the Odyssey, told by a blind bard, Homer. This story, which has been orally recited for centuries has been interpreted many times. Due to many factors influencing the validity of these stories, most labeled it as mythology and not as fact. While the telling of the story is still under professional scrutiny, it has been proven that there was an actual city called Troy, which has remnants indicating that a massive war took place 3000 years ago. Nevertheless, this was the first of many wars chronicled between the East and West.

In the 5th century B.C., the Persian Wars symbolized a more monumental battle between the East and West. Had the Persians defeated Athens and the Greeks then Western Civilization, as we know it today, would have ceased to exist. That is to say that the Roman Empire, which has contributed so much to the world of today, would have never existed. Persia, larger, richer, and more motivated, launched 2 massive wars against a smaller, less unified Greece. Needless to say, Greece was heavily outnumbered and did not have the resources that Persia had to fight such a massive war. Greece, which was broken up into independent city-states, at the time, unified under a common banner to defend their way of life, and eventually ours. Against all odds, Greece and her city-states proved to be triumphant against the overwhelming forces of Persia. Another battle between the East and West, yet the West won and her ideologies salvaged for centuries thereafter.

In our more recent history, relatively speaking, the wars between the East and West have been dictated by religion. With the introduction of organized religion in this world, many societies, people, and cultures have been destroyed in the name of God.

The wars between the East and the West got progressively worse over years in the name of God. The Crusades or the Holy Wars, whatever you want to call it, historically began in 1096, when Pope Urban II, declared a war on Islam in the name of God. The Eastern half of the Roman Empire had become unsafe for pilgrims to traverse en route to the Holy Land. The Eastern Emperor was losing control over his territory and needed help defending it against the Seljuk Turks. With the fear of losing land, religious sanctity, and commerce, the Western Emperor had to do what any proud leader would do, fight.

The Islamic community, which rapidly rose in population, between the years of 632 to 1096, became a force to be reckoned with. Known to many as the “warriors religion” they forcefully converted people through war and destruction. (Similar to what the Babylonians did to the Israelites in the 7th century B.C.) Nevertheless, in 1096, the first Holy Crusade began under the banner of the Roman Empire and it was meant to protect her assets from the influx of Islam. The war was propagandized as the war to fight and die in so you could secure you a place in Heaven. Of course, many leaders, kings, religious zealots, and priests jumped on this opportunity to seize the Holy Land. Some jumped on this opportunity for their personal gain, as the East was richer than the West in almost every single facet. Some simply jumped to the cause to kill and plunder.

Over the course of centuries to come, the Crusades continued in the name of God. Between 1096 and 1272 there were a total of 9 official Crusades. There were other minor crusades, such as the Swedish Crusades and the Peoples Crusade. Thousands of people died over the course of the Holy Wars and no resolution ever occurred. Although the Crusades were being fought under the guise of God, the true nature of the Crusades was contorted to fit powerful leaders greedy purposes. Most scholars attribute the end of the Crusades to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 when the Ottoman Turks finally captured Constantinople and held it. Many scholars also attribute this moment as the final collapse of the Roman Empire.

However, the tradition and ideologies of the Roman Empire never ceased to exist. These factors were instilled and preserved in Western Europe, in places like England, France, Germany, and Spain. The Empire never died, it had just taken on a ‘new look’; no longer was it necessary to be the biggest and baddest. Instead of having one massive state to govern all, now many countries shared the same ideologies and religious beliefs as it used to under the Roman Empire banner. With the European discovery of the “New World” in 1492 came colonization and the transferring of these ideologies.

With the colonization of the “New World”, the eastern problems were temporarily forgotten about and Western Europe was consumed with an entire new hemisphere. Converting people from all areas in the Western Hemisphere was more important to the Western European countries than to continue waging a war that had continually given them heartache. No longer was is it imperative to war with the Turks or the remnants of the Eastern Empire, at least not until 1914. Although empires have fallen over the course of history, their ideals have not and the battle between East and West has continued throughout the 20th century under these same influences.

After the Ottoman Empire was broken up following the first World War, there was no great Empire left in the world and after WWII, the U.S. stepped in, along with the U.S.S.R., as the next Superpower or Empire, whatever you want to call it. The U.S. fought the ‘Sphere of Influence’ in Vietnam, Cuba, and Korea over not religion, but socialism. The U.S. dominated a large portion of this movement and eventually solidified itself as a capitalistic superpower. Although the Cold War was not fought over religion, it was fought over power and influence, with both countries vying to fill in the void left by its predecessors. The result was the same as any war before, just without the negative religious connotation.

The world could not even go 100 years before the next attack on religions began once again. In 2001, Islamic fundamentalists attacked the U.S. and the people inside simply because they hated Americans. Why? Because we are from the West. Naturally, the U.S. rallied the troops following the 9-11 attack, greater than that of Pearl Harbor, and proceeded to declare war on various countries and invoked personal vendettas for every single one of their enemies. There is this cliché that history repeats itself, such as a patterned quilt does. That no matter what the times might dictate or what events might seem impact full, the same theme occurs again and again. Naturally the theme I refer to is the war between the Eastern and Western religions, predominately Christianity and Islam, but not solely. In regards to what the true definition of culture is, these two hemispheres have not seen eye to eye in any recorded history. Not having stopped their constant war faring ways over the centuries from the Trojan War through today, this war is truly endless.

Unfortunately, the “War on Terror” began in more recent history and is still being fought. Maybe it’s just me, but declaring a “war on terrorism” seems like the most noble, but dumbest thing I have ever been witness to. Terrorism is not a country nor an empire nor any entity that can be stopped. It is an ideology that you can’t see or touch or contain. It will probably exist thousands of years after we colonize the Moon. I find it funny that the title of this current administrations “The War on Terror” is a committal of the nonsensical never ending battle between East and West.

For some reason light years above my head the East and West have been engaged in constant warfare since the beginning of recorded history, yes I include the Iliad and Odyssey in that summation. This war that has lasted for millenia between the same opponents has shifted the scope of differences, such as religion, really has occurred due to different ideologies of what is right and wrong. As if they were two brother bore from the same source and haven’t stopped fighting amongst themselves; and yes I am referring to the mythology of Cain and Abel.